Month: February 2017

PGDCA Day 2 :
Topics :
1) What happens when we switch on a computer
2) What is CMOS
3) Classification of computer (Micro, Mini, Main frame and Super Computer)

 

COMPUTER FUNDAMENTAL

IT(Information Technology) TOOLS

INTRODUCTION

COMPUTER (Technically speaking, the term computer doesn’t have a full form). As who teaches is known as teacher, who writes is a writer, who works is a worker like that who computes is a computer. Initially it was developed for computation purpose only. But now a days it is used in almost every places.

The first person who developed the modern day computer concept is “Charles babbage”. So we know him as father of computer. He developed the concept that a computer should have an Input Device to input data, Should have a processing device to process and an Output device to get the result. At that time electricity was not invented, so The computer of Charles Babbage was not using electricity, where as today’s computers are using electricity. But still the concept developed by him is not changed till now except the use of electricity. So he is called the father of computer.

We are living in the age of computers. Most of our daily activities are being influenced by the use of computers. It became an integral part of our lives.

BENEFITS OF A COMPUTER

There are many benefits of using a computer. Some of them are given as under:

• Accuracy(all right):-

If the input of instructions given to a computer is correct, there is no scope for errors in the tasks performed by a computer.

• Fast Speed(high speed processing):-

A computer works at great speed. The computer can perform complex tasks within no time. It can process the data and information in a blink of an eye which otherwise may take months together. For example we want to multiply 2 with 3 then it may take us fraction of seconds to calculate. But if we multiply 23765 with 23411, then it will take more time. As the numbers increase it will take us more time to calculate and that may also be wrong. But computer can multiply it in fraction of seconds.

• Diligence(hard work):-

When human beings do a job again and again, they get fed up with a monotonous job and lose their concentration. But computers have absolute diligence in working. It can work tirelessly for hours together with the same speed and accuracy.

• Versatility (bibina kamare asittae):-

Computers can perform multiple tasks of different nature at one and the same time. One can write an article in M S Word on a computer taking assistance of a computer dictionary while listening online music of one’s choice at the same computer and can take printouts of some documents simultaneously.

• Storage (Bandaara):-

Computers have the ability to store large amount of data. One can store hundreds of books on one DVD which otherwise may occupy one room for storage. Further, the required information can be accessed as it is even after several years.

• Automation (swayam chaalita):-

A computer can automatically perform operations freeing the user during such operations. It controls automatically different devices attached with the computer. It executes automatically the program instructions one by one.

• Reliability (faithfully):-

The electronic components in modern computers have very low failure rate. A modern computer can perform very complicated calculations without creating any problem and produces consistent (reliable) results. In other words, when a computer is 100% accurate, then its reliability is also 100%.

• No Feelings:-

Computer is an electronic machine. It has no feelings. It detects objects on the basis of instructions given to it. based on our feelings, taste, knowledge and experience: we can make certain decisions and judgments in our daily life. On the other hand, a computer cannot make such judgments on their own. Their judgments are totally based on instructions given to them.

 

How to Turn on a computer?

One thing a computer definitely needs to work is electricity! a desktop computer must always be connected to  a power outlet, while a laptop may operate on its own internal battery for a few hours. In any case, without power the computer pretty useless. In this session, we’ll cover the basics of how to turn on and off a computer.

Step-1: The Power Button  for turning on the UPS (optional)

An Uninterruptible Power Supply ( UPS) is a device that allows a computer to keep running for at least a short time when the primary power source is lost. It also provides protection from power surges.

 

A UPs contains a battery that “kicks in“, when the device senses a loss of power from the primary source. If you are using the computer when the UPS notifies you of the power loss, you have time to save any data you are working on and exit gracefully before the secondary power source (the battery) runs out. When all power runs out, any data in your computer’s random access memory (RAM) is erased. When power surges occur, a UPS intercepts the surge so that it doesn’t damage the compute.

If your computer is attached to an UPS first switch it on.

Step-2: The Power Button : for turning on the CPU

A desktop computer has a power button on the front. By pushing in on the button and then releasing it, you turn the computer on. You should hear a noise like a fan or a vacuum cleaner, and some lights will appear on the front of the computer.

Step-3: Separate Power Button for the Monitor

Often, a computer is plugged in to a power strip, or surge protector. This helps protect the computer from power fluctuations or lightning storms, and it also allows a person to turn computer and monitor on at the same time using the power strip on/off button.

Power Buttons on Laptops!

Power buttons on laptops are usually found at the top of the keyboard. Laptops can be turned on when the laptop isn’t plugged in, but the battery has a limited life – usually a couple of hours (for 2 to 4 hours depending on laptop).

How to turn off a Computer?

You should rarely use the power button to turn off  a desktop or laptop computer. There are a few inside processes a computer needs to do before it turns off, and using the power button you prevent the computer from turning off in a controlled manner. So always use the following method to switch off the computer.

Use the mouse to click on the start Button at the lower left hand side of the desktop. When the menu appears, click on turn Off compute . Finally , click on turn off. His is the sequence for a computer with the windows XP operating system, It may be slightly different if you have a different version of windows, but the idea is the same.

There are occasion when a computer is not able to turn off. If it gets stuck and will not finish turning off, you may need to use the power button. To do this, hold the power button in until you hear the compute stop and see the screen go blank. Doing this may result in an error message when you turn the computer back on , but will usually not harm the computer.

1. Q) The centre of a circle is (3p+1, 2p-1). If the circle passes through the point (-1, -3) and the length of its diameter be 20 units, find p.

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